What factor critically affects the radiation dose a patient receives during an X-ray?

The technique settings, particularly kilovolt peak (kVp) and milliampere-seconds (mAs), are crucial in determining the radiation dose a patient receives during an X-ray. The kVp influences the energy and penetrating power of the X-rays produced; higher kVp typically results in a higher energy beam that can penetrate tissues more effectively, which may reduce the required dose. However, if the kVp is set too high without adequate consideration, it can lead to unnecessary radiation exposure.

The mAs setting directly relates to the quantity of X-rays generated. Increasing the mAs will enhance the number of photons produced, which in turn increases the radiation dose to the patient. Balancing these two factors—kVp and mAs—is essential for optimizing image quality while minimizing radiation exposure.

While the type of X-ray equipment used can impact exposure levels, it is the specific technique settings that have direct control over dose delivery to the patient. Similarly, patient characteristics like age and weight certainly influence how well X-rays penetrate tissues and may determine adjustments in technique settings, but they do not by themselves critically dictate the radiation dose. The location of the X-ray facility also does not directly affect the dose; it is more about the operational standards implemented at that facility